An investigation into the factors influencing students' attitudes towards STEM careers in Otukpa LGA, Benue State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Understanding the factors that shape students’ attitudes towards STEM careers is essential in an era where technological advancement drives economic and social development. In Otukpa LGA, Benue State, a variety of socio-cultural, economic, and educational factors converge to influence how students perceive future careers in STEM. Educational institutions in the region have observed a growing disparity in the enthusiasm for STEM subjects compared to other career paths. Various influences such as family background, teacher attitudes, peer pressure, and the availability of role models play pivotal roles in molding these attitudes (Okoro, 2023). Studies indicate that positive early exposure to STEM through school-based initiatives and community engagement can enhance interest and commitment to STEM careers (Eze, 2024). However, conflicting messages from society and traditional career expectations may detract from these positive influences. The interplay of local cultural values and economic realities further complicates the landscape, sometimes discouraging students from pursuing STEM fields due to perceived risks or limited career prospects. Educational policies in Otukpa LGA have begun to emphasize the need for tailored interventions that address these diverse factors. For instance, career guidance programs and extracurricular STEM activities have been introduced to stimulate interest among students. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these interventions remains underexplored. Additionally, disparities in resource allocation among schools in the region may result in uneven exposure to STEM opportunities, thereby reinforcing existing inequalities. The rapid evolution of technology and global scientific trends has also led to a re-examination of what constitutes a STEM career, with emerging fields demanding a broader set of skills. In this context, it is imperative to investigate how local educational and socio-economic factors influence students' attitudes toward these careers. By examining the perceptions and experiences of students, educators, and career counselors in Otukpa LGA, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key determinants that encourage or discourage the pursuit of STEM careers. Furthermore, the study will explore how these factors interact with each other and with broader societal trends. Such insights are crucial for developing targeted interventions that not only foster positive attitudes but also ensure that students are well-prepared to meet the challenges of future STEM-related occupations.
Statement of the Problem :
Despite the increasing global emphasis on STEM education, there is a notable challenge in Otukpa LGA regarding the formation of positive student attitudes towards STEM careers. Several factors, including socio-economic constraints, traditional cultural beliefs, and limited exposure to successful STEM role models, appear to negatively influence students’ career aspirations. Many students seem to opt for careers that are perceived as more immediately attainable, leaving STEM fields underrepresented. This underrepresentation is exacerbated by inconsistent career guidance programs and the scarcity of hands-on learning opportunities in schools (Okoro, 2023). Furthermore, a lack of integration between theoretical learning and practical application in the classroom has led to a disconnect, where students view STEM subjects as abstract and inaccessible (Eze, 2024). This situation is particularly problematic in Otukpa LGA, where economic challenges and a strong adherence to traditional career paths prevail. The existing literature suggests that while school-based initiatives and external community programs have been introduced to stimulate interest in STEM, their impact remains limited by contextual factors unique to the region. There is insufficient evidence to clearly delineate which factors most significantly shape student attitudes. Moreover, the interplay between family influence, teacher effectiveness, and socio-cultural expectations has not been thoroughly investigated in this setting. The present study seeks to address these gaps by identifying and critically analyzing the factors that influence students' attitudes towards STEM careers. It will also evaluate the extent to which targeted interventions can mitigate negative influences and promote a more favorable perception of STEM fields. By doing so, the study aims to provide insights that can help educators and policymakers design more effective strategies to encourage STEM career choices among students in Otukpa LGA.
Objectives of the Study:
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To identify the socio-cultural, economic, and educational factors that influence students' attitudes toward STEM careers.
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To examine the role of career guidance programs and extracurricular activities in shaping these attitudes.
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To assess the impact of family and teacher influences on student perceptions of STEM career opportunities.
Research Questions:
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What are the key factors influencing students' attitudes towards STEM careers in Otukpa LGA?
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How do career guidance programs affect students’ perceptions of STEM career opportunities?
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In what ways do family background and teacher influence contribute to shaping these attitudes?
Research Hypotheses:
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H₁: Exposure to structured STEM career guidance programs positively influences students’ attitudes towards STEM careers.
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H₂: Socio-economic background significantly affects student interest in pursuing STEM fields.
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H₃: Parental and teacher support is positively correlated with a favorable attitude towards STEM careers.
Significance of the Study :
This study will provide critical insights into the factors shaping students' attitudes towards STEM careers in Otukpa LGA, offering empirical evidence to inform the development of targeted educational interventions. By identifying key determinants, the research supports educators and policymakers in designing programs that enhance positive perceptions of STEM careers. Improved attitudes are expected to increase enrollment in STEM fields, thus contributing to regional development and innovation. The findings will help bridge the gap between traditional career expectations and emerging opportunities in the STEM sector (Ike, 2023).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is confined to investigating the factors influencing students’ attitudes toward STEM careers in Otukpa LGA, Benue State. It focuses on the perceptions of students, educators, and career counselors within the local context and does not extend to other regions or disciplines.
Definitions of Terms:
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STEM Careers: Occupations related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields.
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Students’ Attitudes: The perceptions, feelings, and predispositions towards pursuing a career in STEM.
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Otukpa LGA: A local government area in Benue State where the study is conducted.
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